This research paper examines States’ obligations in relation to nationally determined contributions (NDCs) — one of the core institutions within the architecture of the Paris Agreement through which states set out...

In 2025, important developments took place in international climate policy and law. International judicial bodies played a significant role: advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice and the Inter-American...

A significant number of international organizations and forums deal with the issues concerning Oceans and the law of the sea. However, the competence of many of them is limited to...